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The lime kilns of Dallau and Neckarburken

Technical monuments at the
Buntsandstein-Muschelkalk boundary

The two Elztal lime shaft into the districts Neckarburken and Dallau (Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, Baden-Württemberg) were probably the first time 19th Century church. The culture technique of lime burning is of course dates back over 4000 years, dating back to the eastern Mediterranean and was introduced in our region by the Romans. Wherever buildings are not just made of wood, clay or stone walls, but from associated masonry, lime mortar was needed. Also for plastering and white of the facades, to fertilize, and for many other areas of lime was used. This limestone had to be treated in special burning plants. (see Figure 1, covered kiln system Elztal-Neckarburken, photo: Hahl)

from the mortar shell

limestone? Lime? Mortar? What is actually the difference? Limestone is a common sedimentary rock. There is - just like marble and chalk - in a method known as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) chemical compound. Larger reserves of limestone are found in the Swabian-Franconian Alb, and of course in the limestone, such as south-east bordering the Odenwald forest land. In the lime kiln is expelled from a temperature of about 800 ° C. carbon dioxide from the limestone, which calcium oxide (CaO), which means burnt lime produced. If this white powder in contact with water, forms "slaked lime", which in turn is mixed with sand is processed into lime mortar.

The Neckarburkener Dallau burning plants and the work, as in the village lime shaft from 19 Century practice, according to a simple principle (see Figure excerpt from a nature park board and subsequent image of the burning pit; shots: Hahl). The fuel used is a room with limestone and sandstone double-walled, funnel-shaped and upwardly open shaft with two to three meters in diameter. This can be filled with several layers of limestone boulders and charcoal, in recent times was also used coal or coke with a higher calorific value. From the bottom of the kiln is fired, the top can pull off the fumes. Once the deepest layers glow of limestone and coal, the fire moved within about three to four days at temperatures around 1000 ° C through all layers throughout the top. After completing the combustion process can be found to process the porous and Branntkalkbrocken.















earth creates economy

course, it is no coincidence that in the districts Elztal Dallau and Neckarburken today are related to two restored lime kilns. As so often, does this affect also the bedrock of cultural history, technology and economy. The Earth reaches far into the historical development. Elztal with its hamlets located near the transition from red sandstone to limestone. The stone border is equally applicable to the cultural and spatial differentiation in Odenwald land. It is here the establishment of lime shaft was effective.

was already mentioned that the funnel-shaped double-walled combustion shaft is: The outer ring of walls with limestone, the interior built with sandstone, which softening point is at a higher temperature stage. There were also from the new red sandstone Odenwald, when the forests were decimated by over-use yet spacious, sufficient fuelwood and charcoal supply to fire the kilns can. The land itself agriculturally used areas predominated, which provided no fuel. The limestones, however, could be obtained from the local limestone quarries.

So it is not surprising that in the geological community Grenzsaum Elztal survived two lime kilns as a technical and cultural monuments have been restored. The Romans, so once the innovation of the lime burning brought into Germany took advantage of nearly 2000 years before coming here rocks. Not far from the fort on cohort Neckarburkener district was found as 1991 the school was expanded, a fully equipped Roman lime kiln, but in the course of construction of the settlement could not be preserved.

It was a long road to restoration of two historic lime kilns in Neckarburken Dallau and that without the personal involvement of Mayor William Goetz and some enthusiastic citizens would not have been possible. In May 2010, was set up in Elztal also a lime kiln trail.

Published in GPS Guide System "migratory walter", available at http://karte.wanderwalter.de/naturpark-neckartal-odenwald/ - on behalf of GMD. Elztal